Otto and Diesel engines, Gibbs’ phase rule and chemical potential; Questions: Q 1. What are the conditions for the change in temperature of a van der Waals gas passing through a porous plug? Prove that the ideal gas passing through the porous plug does not show any change in temperature. [10 Marks] Q 2. one …
Otto and Diesel engines, Gibbs’ phase rule and chemical potential; Questions: Q 1. What is Gibbs’ phase rule? Find the values of degree of freedom when (i) Only the liquid CO2CO_2CO2 is in equilibrium with the gaseous CO2CO_2CO2 (ii) Water is in the vapour-liquid saturation region. (iii) Water is in a single-phase region. (iv) Water …
Isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric, isochoric processes and entropy changes; Questions: Q 1. Explain the characteristics of the following thermodynamic processes for a perfect gas: (i) Isothermal process (ii) Adiabatic process (iii) Isobaric process (iv) Isochoric process. Obtain the expression for the work done by the gas during the above processes. [20 Marks] Q 2. State second …
Laws of thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible processes, entropy; Questions: Q 1. One mole of an ideal gas is compressed at constant temperature T from a volume V1V_1V1 to a volume V2V_2V2. Find the work done and heat absorbed by the gas. The gas now expands adiabatically to a volume of 2V. Taking the gas to …
ayleigh scattering; Black body radiation and Planck’s radiation law, Stefan – Boltzmann law, Wien’s displacement law and Rayleigh-Jeans’ law. Questions: Q 1. Briefly explain Planck’s law of blackbody radiation. Show that Planck’s law reduces to Wien’s law and Rayleigh-Jeans law at lower and higher wavelength limits respectively. [20 marks] Q 2. A historic failure of …
reflection and refraction at the boundary of two dielectrics; Fresnel’s relations; Total internal reflection; Normal and anomalous dispersion; Questions: Q 1. A plane electromagnetic wave propagating along +z direction is incident normally on the boundary at z = 0 between medium A (z < 0) and medium B (z > 0). Determine the reflection coefficient …
Pointing theorem; Vector and scalar potentials; Electromagnetic field tensor, covariance of Maxwell’s equations; Wave equations in isotropic dielectrics, Questions: Q 1. A region 1, z<0z<0z<0, has a dielectric material with ϵr=3.2\epsilon_r=3.2ϵr=3.2 and a region 2, z>0z>0z>0 has a dielectric material with ϵr=2.0\epsilon_r=2.0ϵr=2.0. Let the displacement vector in the region 1 be, D⃗1=−30ax+50ay+70aznCm−2\vec D_1 = -30a_x+50a_y+70a_z …
Displacement current and Maxwell’s equations; Wave equations in vacuum, Questions: Q 1. For the electric field given by E=EoeiωtE= E_oe^{i\omega t}E=Eoeiωt, show that the conduction current is in phase with the electric field, while the displacement currents lead the electric field by π/2\pi/2π/2 radians. Also, show that the displacement current in a good conductor is …
Mean and r m s values in AC circuits; DC and AC circuits with R, L and C components; Series and parallel resonances; Quality factor; Principle of transformer. Questions: Q 1. A 10Ω10 \Omega10Ω resistor is connected in series with a capacitor of 1μF1 \mu F1μF and a battery with emf 12V12V12V. Before the switch …
Magnetic shell, uniformly magnetized sphere; Ferromagnetic materials, hysteresis, energy loss. Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law, Questions: Q 1. Two solenoids have 500 and 800 turns of wire and are placed co-axially close to each other. A current of 5.0 A in the first solenoid produces an average flux of 200μWb200\mu Wb200μWb though its each turn and …
